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Taiwan is an island off the eastern coast of China, formerly known as Formosa. Home to the Republic of China, it has a population of about 23 million. The island attracts visitors with its stunning scenery, including the Alishan Mountains and Sun Moon Lake. In the capital, Taipei, highlights include the iconic Taipei 101 tower and the lively night markets. Taiwan enjoys a subtropical climate; spring and autumn are the best times to visit, offering pleasant temperatures and moderate rainfall.